data types in javascript

To know the type of a JavaScript variable, we can use the typeof operator.

Primitive types

String - It represents a series of characters and is written with quotes. A string can be represented using a single or a double quote.

Example :

 var str = "Hello, how are you"; //using double quotes
 var str2 = 'John Doe'; //using single quotes

Number - It represents a number and can be written with or without decimals.

Example :

var x = 3; //without decimal
var y = 3.6; //with decimal

BigInt - This data type is used to store numbers which are above the limitation of the Number data type. It can store large integers and is represented by adding “n” to an integer literal.

Example :

var bigInteger =  234567890123456789012345678901234567890;

Boolean - It represents a logical entity and can have only two values : true or false. Booleans are generally used for conditional testing.

Example :

var a = 2;
var b =  3;
var c =  2;
(a == b) // returns false
(a == c) //returns true

Undefined - When a variable is declared but not assigned, it has the value of undefined and it’s type is also undefined.

Example :

var x; // value of x is undefined
var y = undefined; // we can also set the value of a variable as undefined

Null - It represents a non-existent or a invalid value.

Example :

var z = null;

Symbol - It is a new data type introduced in the ES6 version of javascript. It is used to store an anonymous and unique value.

Example :

var symbol1 = Symbol('symbol');

typeof of primitive types :

typeof "John Doe" // Returns "string"
typeof 3.14 // Returns "number"
typeof true // Returns "boolean"
typeof 234567890123456789012345678901234567890n // Returns bigint
typeof undefined // Returns "undefined"
typeof null // Returns "object" (kind of a bug in JavaScript)
typeof Symbol('symbol') // Returns Symbol

Non-primitive types

Primitive data types can store only a single value. To store multiple and complex values, non-primitive data types are used.

Object - Used to store collection of data.

Example:

// Collection of data in key-value pairs

var obj1 = {
   x:  43,
   y:  "Hello world!",
   z: function(){
      return this.x;
   }
}
      
// Collection of data as an ordered list
      
var array1 = [5, "Hello", true, 4.1];

*Note- It is important to remember that any data type that is not primitive data type, is of Object type in javascript.

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